A. Social Darwinism
A quote I found sums this question up, but it'd be better to do some side research.
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"<span>the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform."</span>
The power of judicial review refers to the power of the "Supreme Court" to deem certain laws passed by Congress "unConstitutional". This greatly increased the power of the Supreme Court and led to a further separation of powers.
C is the correct answer, it kinda sucks that they require 20 character answers