The goal of England's mercantilist policy was to make the country richer.
In those days, people believed that mercantilism was the best way to do this. In the 1600s and 1700s (and even into the 1800s) most people believed in mercantilism.
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Poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments and obvious urban growth and sprawl.
Some of the major health problems resulting from urbanization include poor nutrition, pollution-related health conditions and communicable diseases, poor sanitation and housing conditions, and related health conditions. These have direct impacts on individual quality of life, while straining public health systems and resources. Urbanization has a major negative impact on the nutritional health of poor populations. Because they have limited financial resources and the cost of food is higher in cities, the urban poor lack nutritious diets and this leads to illness, which contributes to loss of appetite and poor absorption of nutrients among those affected.
These are just a few of the many downsides to urbanization. While not everything about urbanization is negative of course the depth of discussions to be had about the various aspects are almost infinite. Your question was a tad vague and didn't give specifics as to what you were looking for so I hope my answer helped.
I'm sorry to say but your question has been falsely posted in the History section and should be placed in the proper science section. Have a good day :)
The excessive amount of power given to the states.