Answer:
d. Expressivity refers to the range of expression of a given phenotype.
e. Penetrance refers to the percentage of individuals that expresses the mutant phenotype.
Explanation:
Penetrance is the probability of a gene being expressed. Sometimes, phenotype is not observed even when the dominant allele is present. It is a result of various genetic and environmental factors coming together.This phenomenon is called as incomplete or reduced penetrance. For example: polydactyly trait is produced by a dominant allele but its penetrance is low in general population hence few people show this trait.
Expressivity is the variation in phenotypic expression when an allele is penetrant. Same genetic combination for a trait can have different expressivity in the same population. This phenomenon is also a result of genetic and environmental factors acting together. For example: people who do end up showing polydactyly trait may show it to different degrees. Some might have one extra finger, some might have two. Some might have a stub, some might have a full grown finger.
1. PITUITARY:
The anterior pituitary gland produces the following hormones and releases them into the bloodstream: adrenocorticotropichormone, which stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones, principallycortisol. growth hormone, which regulates growth, metabolism and body composition.
2.THYROID:
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)Luteinizing Hormone (LH)Prolactin (PRL)Growth Hormone (GH)Alpha Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH)Vasopressin.Oxytocin.
The 2 main thyroid hormones are T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). T3 and T4 regulate your body's temperature, metabolism and heart rate. The amount of thyroid hormones secreted is controlled by another hormone, called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from thepituitary gland in your brain.
3. PARATHYPOID:
4. ADRENAL:
Cortisol. ...Aldosterone. ...DHEA and Androgenic Steroids. ...Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) ...Adrenal Insufficiency. ...Overactive Adrenal Glands. ...Adrenal Cancer.
5. PANCREAS:
6. TESTIS: Produces sperms and testosterone
7. OVARY: The ovaries also produce steroid hormones, Estrogen and progesterone
