Answer:Mesopotamia, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (in modern day Iraq), is often referred to as the cradle of civilization because it is the first place where complex urban centers grew.
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They encountered many diseases and lack of food.
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B. A longer history of industrialization that other continents
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Europe does not boast the oldest civilizations in world history; it doesn´t have more natural resources than other parts of the world; and its population isn´t the largest among all continents. But the industrial revolution, scientific discoveries and tecnological advances, colonialism , highly educated populations and generous social investment have allowed Europe reach a high standard of living.
Osman I, he founded the Ottoman empire