The name for such a hole is "caldera" which is a word of Spanish origin meaning "a pot" or a "cooking pot" (thing of cauldron!) - and this word is used because it resembles the shape of this hole.
Often the Calderas are filled with water forming lakes and often there is an island in the middle of the water.
silica
caldera
viscous
denser
subduction
divergence
hot spots
earthquakes
Explosions from composite volcanoes occur as a result of gas buildup within them. Shield volcanoes also may erupt explosively if water accumulates inside their vents.
The word minerals mean A formal definition of a mineral, as used by geologists would be: A naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition, and an ordered internal structure. Geologists are able to identify minerals because they have characteristic physical properties.
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