It is not sure if Ibn al-Athir was of Arab or Curdish ethnicity, but it is agreed that he was one of the main writers and biographers of the Crusades Era, and one of the Great Historians of the Muslim World.
He was born in the Great Seljuq Empire, modern Turkey, and experienced all the wars and chaos brought by Franks in the Crusades, living in Mosul, Baghdad and Damascus, even travelling with Saladin through for a period.
So, despite for being one of the only authors of its time to show respect and admiration for some of the Frank´s qualities, his main work "The Complete History" (Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh"), that aims at telling his history of the world, has obvious bias in favour of the Muslim cause.
Which can be observed in his accounts of the death of the Christian ruler of Tyre, in a way that could not be written by modern historians:
"In this year, on 13 rabi II, the Frankish Marquis, the ruler of Tyre-- God [email protected] him!-- was killed. He was the greatest devil of all the Franks."
Answer:
The right aswer is A. Europeans were permanently divided into two religions, Catholicism and Protestantism.
Explanation:
The Reform movement started in 1517 with the publication by Martin Luther of his 95 theses in Wittemberg. He critized many practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He stated that salvation can be achieved only through faith and that the Bible was the ultimate source of legitimacy. This supposes the birth of Protestantism. It´s a very wide arrange of churches , doctrinal positions and approaches today, but all of them coincide in the topic of the role of the faith and the Bible, and lack of recognition of the pope´s central authority.
The New England Colonies were Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire. For the most part, they all followed the religion of Puritans expect for Rhode Island which gave religious freedom. It was difficult to farm in this area due to the mountains and poor rocky soil however they were successful in farming crops of corn, pumpkin, rye, squash, and beans. Due to the fact that they were along the coast, the colonists made most of their living by fishing and shipbuilding with the occasional whaling due to the benefit of being able to use whale oil for lamps. For the most part, each colony followed the same type of government; charter (self-governed) except for New Hampshire which had a royal (were ruled by the English Monarchy) type of government.
The middle colonies were made up by New York, Delaware, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. They were equally split with either following a royal type of government (New York and New Jersey) and proprietary type of government in which the King gave land to the people to form the colonies. (Delaware and Pennsylvania). For the most part, they were very diverse in regards to religion since they were, for the most part, Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jewish, and others. In general, the land was good for farming but they also were important in the trade of many natural resources such as timber, furs, coal, and iron.
The Souther colonies were made up of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Plymouth Settlement which was de-established in 1691. The only Colony which was not following an Anglican or Baptist religion was Plymouth which in addition to Anglican or Baptist religion it was also made up of Puritans. For the most part, the type of government was also the same for most of Virginia, North and South Carolina as well as Georgia following a Royal type of government, however, Maryland had a Proprietary type of government and Plymouth followed a Royal Charter style. The geography was very favorable for farming, the natural resources that resulted from these colonies were fish, timber from forests as well as crops.
Answer:
They had missionaries travel throughout Europe and win back many of the Europeans who had converted to Protestantism
Explanation:
