Answer:
A. diploid and C. somatic
Explanation:
Humans are diploid organisms and have 23 pair of chromosomes i.e. in total humans have 46 chromosomes.
There are 2 types of cells in humans (1) somatic cells and (2) germ cells.
Somatic cells are normal body cells which are diploid and have all 23 pairs of chromosomes. But, germ cells are special type of cells which are produced by gonads (sex organs). Germ cells are also known as gametes. In females, ovary is the sex organ which produces germ cells named as egg cells while in males testes is the sex organ which produces germ cells named as sperms. Germ cells (egg and sperm) are haploid cells which fuse to form a zygote which is the first cell of next generation. The process of fusion of egg and sperm is known as fertilization which is responsible for restoring diploidy in the progeny which receives half the genetic material from female parent and half the genetic material from male parent.
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I can’t answer how lichens arrive in a barren landscape but I can answer the 2nd part
Lichens grow when exposed to water. When wet, lichens begin to photosynthesize.
The blue-white screen refers to a procedure of screening that allows for the brisk and convenient determination of recombinant bacteria in vector-based molecular cloning experiments. In the process, the DNA of interest is ligated into a vector. The blue colonies constitute of self-relegated plasmids that are devoid of DNA inserts obstructing the lac Z gene.
The white colonies contain bacteria that conduct plasmids, which possess the inserts of DNA fragments that obstruct the lac Z gene. Therefore, the researcher needs to sequence the plasmids of the white colonies prior to knowing which allele it constitutes.