Answer:
O Lung cancer mortality rates among heavy smokers.
Explanation:
This question refers to Bradford Hill's criteria for causation. These are nine principles that Bradford Hill developed in order to allow researchers in epidemiology establish evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect. This criteria has been widely used in research. The criterion of strength, or effect size, indicates that a small association does not mean that there is not a causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely that it is causal. As the association between lung cancer mortality rates and heavy smoking is quite high, this is likely to be a causal relationship.
Answer:
a. Peptic ulcer
Explanation :
As the patient is presenting with nocturnal abdominal pains alongwith blood in the stools , it strongly suggests that he is suffering from peptic ulcer disease.
Dull or aching pain is most common symptom; classic complaint of epigastric pain relieved by eating is not typical in pediatric population... sx often persist for several years before dx
Almost 50% of patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease also have melena ( hemoptysis )
Dx made with endoscopy
The leading cause of deaths is b homocides
Answer:It may be a fictional disease, but it has proved highly contagious across the internet in recent days with thousands now talking about ‘Ligma’.
Explanation:
answer is above
The answer is C. Glue. Heroin is injected, smoked which doesn't show the person inhaling Heroin. Ecstasy are pills and you do not breathe this in. Glue is used by drug-users to sniff which is also called glue-sniffing so this is an inhalant as it involves breathing in the substance.
