Answer:
a. the marginal costs of damages are steep and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are relatively stable.
Explanation:
Pollution can be defined as the physical degradation or contamination of the environment through an emission of harmful, poisonous and toxic chemical substances.
Offset trading refers to a type of trading system that is typically designed for the realization of more efficient pollution control.
This ultimately implies that, an offset trading is a strategic program that allows emerging business firms to pay existing business firms in order to significantly reduce their emissions or pollutants below a specific standard.
Free market in tradable pollution permits simply means giving manufacturing companies and individuals the legal right to pollution of the environment. For example, XYZ company is purchasing the permit of 500 units of carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution annually, this simply means it is permitted to pollute the environment by 500 units of CO2 annually.
Additionally, a free market in tradable pollution permits has some sort of benefits as companies can resell their unused permits or devise a cheaper means of reducing pollution. It also compensate companies that significantly reduces its pollution of the environment.
A pollution tax can be defined as a type of tax imposed on business firms that causes pollution and damages to the environment. It is also referred to as Pigovian tax which is a tax on goods with negative externality.
Hence, tradable permits when compared with pollution tax are likely to result in less inefficiency, when the marginal costs of damages are steep and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are relatively stable.
Answer:
Balance sheet:
Accounts Payable
-Liability
Property, Plant. and Equipment
-Asset
Long-Term Debt-Liability
Retained Earnings-equity account
Prepaid Expense
-Asset
Common Stock
-equity account
Accounts Receivable-Asset
Income statement:
Cost of Goods Sold-expense
Research and Development-expense
Explanation:
Property, plant and equipment , accounts receivable and prepaid expenses would appear on the asset side of the balance sheet.
Long-term debt and accounts payable are both liabilities since they are obligations owed to third parties while retained earnings and common stock are both equity account
Lastly,cost of goods sold and research and development cost are expenses in the income statement
Answer:
Student loan.
Explanation:
Student loans are given to assist students pay for university education. Loans can cover turion, living expenses, and books.
Interest rate charged is very low and repayment can be deferred till after the student graduates.
The most common type of student loan are federal loans(offered by the federal government). They have a lower interest rate than student loans offered by private institutions like banks, schools and credit unions.
Answer:
Mark should include in the letter to avoid litigation charges:
Specific facts about the consultant that can be verified.
Explanation:
False information, sentiment-hurting statements, or personal opinions about the consultant's character should never be found in formal letters that are meant to offer constructive criticisms. This means that only specific facts that are verifiable should be included. Formal letters are not avenues for character defamation. They are called "formal" because they must stick to specific and relevant official purposes.
