george washington was the first president
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Europeans who colonized North Africa shared power with local people
Mountainous dry summers and cool winters. Fertile enough soil to harbour cities a few forested area and plains but mostly hills and mountains.
Answer:
Torture in the Medieval Inquisition began in 1252 with a papal bull Ad Extirpanda and ended in 1816 when another papal bull forbade its use. Although the torture that was sanctioned by the bull was less severe than the torture that could be found in contemporary secular courts.
