It was primarily "James Madison" who tried to keep tempers under control during the Constitutional Convention, since he was very much in favor of the ratification of the Constitution.
Federalists. The wanted the independence.
Conquistadors.
It's a complicated combo of better weapons,, and diseases.
1. To lay the rules out for colonizing Africa- claim land and showing it could claim land in Africa
Africa=no say
2. Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders