Papal authority greatly changed between 1530 and 1535. For example, Henry VIII set measures into place that restricted papal authority in England. Also, church funds from England could no longer be sent to Rome. The major change took place in 1534 when Henry VIII, as a result of the Act of Supremacy, became head of the Church of England.
Ultimately, before the 1530's the church had great, nearly unchecked power. Afterwards, the church had restricted power, and the Church of England was created.
Significant conversions also occurred beyond the extents of the empire such as that of the Turkic tribes in Central Asia and peoples living in regions south of the Sahara in Africathrough contact with Muslim traders active in the area and Sufi orders.
Most of Europe was heavily bombed, and the war effort had cost a very large amount of resources, both physically, and in terms of loss of life.
Answer: 4. the canal made more goods available to the masses
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