Answer:
c) try to find new trade routes to Africa and Asia
Explanation:
Finding new trade routes to Africa and Asia is a good way to gain a competitive advantage over other European, rival states. This in fact what Portugal first, and later Spain, did during the later years of the 1400s.
The motivation was that the Ottoman Empire controlled the Eastern Mediterranean, and this prevented Western European nations from trading with East Asia and the Middle East with ease.
Portugal opted to look for new routes around Africa, and the Indian Ocean, while Spain decided to look for a new route throught the west, which led to the arrival of Columbus in the Americas in 1492.
The correct answers are B) death of the emperor and C) invasions.
The two reasons for the fall of the Ming Dynasty were the death of the emperor and invasions.
In the middle of the 17th century, the reserves pf silver considerably diminished in the Ming empire and people started to suffer from hunger. The Emperor did nothing to alleviate the situation and the people got angry at him. The Jurchen people, now called the Manchu, declared war against the Ming Emperor. The leader of the Manchu was Nurhaci. Ming Emperor, Chongzhen, hanged himself, and the combination of this, internal discontent, and invasions, ended the Ming period.
Those were called Bolsheviks, which literally meant majority in Russian. The members of the liberal minority were called Mensheviks ("minority"). The battle for power between these two fractions played a crucial role in the start of the early Union and the Bolsheviks won out.
