Answer:
1- Leader of Iran before the Iranian Revolution --- Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
2- Nationalist prime minister of Iran --- Mohammed Mossadegh
3- Leader of the Islamic Republic after the Revolution --- Ayatollah Khomeini
Explanation:
1- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was shah of Iran from September 16, 1941 until the Islamic Revolution of February 11, 1979. He was the second and last monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty and the last Iranian shah.
2- Mohammad Mosaddeq was a democratically elected prime minister in Iran that ruled between 1951 and 1953.
On March 20, 1951, he nationalized oil. After blocking Iran and exerting other pressures, the United States and the United Kingdom financed a coup organized by the CIA and encouraged by MI6 in 1953, which overthrew Mosaddeq and established a monarchical dictatorship headed by Sha Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
3- Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was an Iranian ayatollah, political-spiritual leader of the Islamic Revolution of 1979, which overthrew the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi, and Supreme Leader of the country until his death. Western powers considered him a fanatical leader, whose political initiatives jeopardized international stability. He is considered the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Hereditary: passed on from parent to child inherited. Hope it help!
It would be C! Leaving office after two terms. The reason of this is because if he didn't do that, we don't know what presidency would be like today.
Answer:
John Alexander Macdonald was the first prime minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, he had a political career which spanned almost half a century. Macdonald was born in Scotland; when he was a boy his family immigrated to Kingston in the Province of Upper Canada.
Explanation:
I hope it helps....
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, especially the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean with the aim of recovering the Holy Land from <span>Islamic rule The most Popular and successful crusade was the first crusade.
</span>Crusade #1: The First Crusade arose after a call to arms in a 1095 sermon by Pope Urban II. Urban urged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor, Alexios I, who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks in Anatolia. One of Urban's stated aims was to guarantee pilgrims access to the holy sites in the Eastern Mediterranean that were under Muslim control. Volunteers became Crusaders by taking a public vow and receiving plenary indulgences from the church. Some were hoping for apotheosis at Jerusalem, or forgiveness from God<span> for all their sins. Others participated to satisfy feudal obligations, gain glory and honor, or find opportunities for economic and political
Crusade #2: </span>The Second Crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III, and was the first of the crusades to be led by European kings, namely Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, with help from some other European nobles. The armies of the two kings marched separately across Europe. After crossing Byzantine territory into Anatolia, both armies were separately defeated by the Seljuk Turks. The only Christian success of the Second Crusade came to a combined<span> force of 13,000 Flemish, Frisian, Norman, English, Scottish, and German crusaders in 1147. Traveling from England, by ship, to the </span>Holy Land, the army stopped and helped the smaller (7,000) Portuguese army in the capture of Lisbon, expelling its Moorish occupants.<span>
Crusade #3: </span>The elderly Holy Roman EmperorFrederick I Barbarossa responded to the call immediately. He took up the Cross at Mainz Cathedral<span> on 27 March 1188 and was the first to set out for the Holy Land in May 1189 with an army of about 100,000 men, including 20,000 knights.</span>An army of 2,000 men from the Hungarian prince Géza, the younger brother of the king Béla III of Hungary<span>, also went with Barbarossa to the Holy Land. This is also the Crusade where King Richard the Lion-Hearted and King Philip the 2nd went.
Crusade #4: </span>Innocent<span> III also began preaching what became the </span>Fourth<span> Crusade in 1200, primarily in France, but also in </span>England<span> and Germany. </span><span>After gathering in Venice, </span>the crusade<span> was used by Doge </span>Enrico Dandolo <span>and </span>Philip of Swabia<span> to further their secular ambitions. Dandolo's aim was to expand Venice's power in the Eastern Mediterranean, and Philip intended to restore his exiled nephew, </span>Alexios IV Angelos, to the throne of Byzantium. <span>The Crusaders were unable to pay the Venetians for a fleet when too few knights arrived in Venice, so they agreed to divert to Constantinople and share what could be looted as payment. As collateral the crusaders seized the Christian city of </span>Zara; Innocent was appalled and excommunicated them.<span> They also conquered Constantinople twice, after the initial success in taking the city, the original purpose of the campaign was defeated by the assassination of Alexios IV Angelos. In response, the Crusaders captured the Constantinople again and this time sacked it, pillaging churches and killing many citizens. The Fourth Crusade never came within 1,000 miles of its objective of Jerusalem</span>
