<span>they believed they would receive no benefit from the increased contact with Europeans.</span>
The answer is Italy. Because of its easy sea access
Answer: one of the legal strategies that Euro-American enslavers devised to control the time, energy, and mobility of enslaved people of African descent ... The black codes had their roots in the slave codes that had
Three effects are:
-Members of both parties share almost equal core beliefs
-Two parties create a new division of issues which helps to clarify and classify issues based on differing ideologies
-Two parties make it easier to run for office
Hope this helps... :)