Samples obtained from participant pools maintained by psychology departments are considered more representative of college students in general than volunteer samples from the college population because those who would not volunteer otherwise might do so for course credit.
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The Opportunity Cost of Compulsory Research Participation</h3>
- Undergraduates are frequently required by psychology departments to take part in faculty and graduate research as part of their coursework or else.
- Objectively coercive are involuntary participant pools (also known as human subject pools) in which students are compelled to participate.
- Due to the costly alternative work they would have to complete or the consequences of failing to complete a course requirement, students have less agency than other research participants.
- This demonstrates how students are made to choose between lower-value activities that primarily benefit others and higher-value activities for which they have paid.
- This contradiction can be resolved with voluntary participant pools, although doing so would result in fewer participants overall. To reclaim autonomy, departmental research practices must be altered.
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C) courts that are specialized to deal with curtain areas of laws...
Answer:
high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently.
Explanation:
Operant conditioning can be defined as an associative learning process which involves reinforcing the strength of a behavior.
A reinforcement of a desired behavior involves the process of strengthening a positive behavior being exhibited by an individual through the use of stimulus. Thus, making the behavior to be exhibited in the future by the individual.
Primary reinforcers can be defined as all of the stimulus that are significant biologically to the growth and development of a living organism. Some examples are sleep, food, sex, shelter, water, safety etc.
All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers;
I. A large meal following an extended time without food.
II. Rat's food reward in a Skinner box.
III. Cold drink on a hot day.
IV. Hug from a loved one.
People cannot see you unless you are looking that way. So honking your horn can attract attention causing eye contact. Use to help prevent crash. Helpful to communicate with other drivers.
Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources are used in the economy.
