<h2>Membrane potential </h2>
Explanation:
- Membrane potential represents charge difference across the membrane, all biological cells are negative inside (cytoplasm) and positive outside (due to difference in ionic distribution)
- In a typical neuron cell membrane potential of cytoplasm is negative at rest (when no stimulus is applied) hence called resting membrane potential
- Resting membrane potential of excitable cells is established by Na+ and K+pump
- Repolarization starts with the efflux of K+ by the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
- Voltage gated K+ channels starts to open when voltage gated Na+ channels becomes inactive
- Hyperpolarization occurs due to excessive efflux of K+ by voltage gated K+ channels
- Additional efflux of K+ occurs due to slow inactivation of voltage gated K+ channels
B. specific to a substrate
Answer:
Mitochondrial DNA is circular, so it doesn't shorten when it replicates unlike the rest.
The scientist will add up the mass of the protons and mass
of the neutrons to come up with the approximate mass of atom because protons
and neutrons is what consist of the atoms. Therefore, in order to have the approximate
mass of an atom, adding the mass of protons and neutrons will give the result.
It is called Fluid Mosaic Model. It describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic component. The structures such as phospholipids, protein, carbohydrates and cholesterol gives the fluid like character of the plasma membrane.
