Im not sure but i think its all the above
For example, when a government imposes an import tariff, it adds to the cost of importing the specified goods or services The additional marginal cost added by the tariff discourages imports, thus affecting the balance of trade.
Quality inputs (improved seeds and fertilizers) are essential to raising productivity (yields per unit area planted) under both the rainfed and irrigated conditions. In addition, strong extension and advisory services are important for enhancing the adoption and efficiency of improved inputs.
Answer: In Medieval Europe, knights pledged loyalty to vassals, who in turn pledged theirs to powerful lords, and serfs labored in the fields.
Explanation:
A rigid hierarchy refers to one where people who are born into a certain position in life, find it quite hard to move from it or rather one where there are different social classes and people had to be classified in one class for the system to work.
The system during medieval times was much like this. Social classes existed that determined a person's worth in society such as the knights, vassals, Lords and Royals. There was also the serfs who were considered the lowest in the hierarchy.
