Question

Part 2- Short Answer Questions, these questions must be answered in at least 3 complete sentences. Research using your lessons or the internet to respond to the questions below.
1. Name three types of evidence used to support the theory of evolution. Explain how scientists use each type of evidence to provide support for evolution. Give one example of each.

2. What is a cladogram?

3. Explain how a scientist would use DNA or protein sequences taken from three different organisms to construct a cladogram.

4. Based on the diagram below which fossil is older?
How do you know that it is older than the others?





5. Explain how Darwin’s fiches were different from each other?



6. Animals have many adaptations for survival. Describe each adaptation below, and explain how it could help an organism better survive in its environment.

a) camouflage

b) mimicry

c) venom

7. Natural selection leads organisms to become adapted to their environment over time. Using concept of natural selection, explain how the giraffe most likely came to have such a long neck.


8. In the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin found many different species of finches (a type of bird) that seemed closely related. He proposed that the birds had all evolved from a common ancestor. Match the bird beaks below to the most likely food source.
A, beetle B. Worm C. Cherries D, Butterfly E. Tree Nut

Finch #1
Finch #2
Finch #3
Finch #4
Finch #5

Answer 1

Answer:

Evidence for evolution comes from many different areas of biology:

Anatomy. Species may share similar physical features because the feature was present in a common ancestor (homologous structures).

Molecular biology. DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are.

Biogeography. The global distribution of organisms and the unique features of island species reflect evolution and geological change.

Fossils. Fossils document the existence of now-extinct past species that are related to present-day species.

Direct observation. We can directly observe small-scale evolution in organisms with short lifecycles (e.g., pesticide-resistant insects)

2. A cladogram is a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among groups. It is based on phylogeny, which is the study of evolutionary relationships. ... Each letter on the diagram points to a derived character, or something different (or newer) than what was seen in previous groups.

3. Scientist would use DNA or protein sequences taken from three different organisms to construct a cladogram because , It can be facilitated by cell - surface proteins that recognized  DNA. All 3 are parasites or an organism.  

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5. The birds differ in plumage and body size but the most obvious differences between the birds are the size and shape of their beaks, which are dependent on their food preferences and specialisations. The thinnest beak belongs to the green warbler finch which uses it to probe for insects.

6. camouflage is an adaptation that helps organisms blend in with its surroundings. Blending in helps the animal avoid predators and increases its ability to survive.

Mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and an object which protects them from predators for example how moths evolved to be brown like bark on trees helps them to blend in and reduces their chances of being eaten.

Venom helps animals to immobilise or kill prey or neutralise predators in self defence this benefits the animal because they are less likely to be attacked by predators

7. To be able to reach the food they need. Giraffes feed off of high trees. In order to get that food, they were forced to naturally adapt to the height of the trees.

8.Flinch 1# = B Worms

Flinch 2# = A Beetles

Flinch 3# = C Cherries

Flinch 4# = E Tree Nut

Flinch 5# = D. Butterfly

Explanation:

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