Answer:
Causal association is defined as two events in which one event leads to the cause/development of the second event such as the consumption of trans-fats and the onset of heart disease. In order to show the causal association, it is necessary to ensure that the 3 criteria of temporality, consistency, and strength are satisfied with respect to the relationship between consumption of trans fats and heart disease. According to this example involving the relationship between trans-fats and heart disease, temporality could be satisfied if one is consuming an excessive amount of foods containing trans-fats such asFrench fries, and who then ends up suffering from heart disease. In order to fulfill the criteria of strength, statistical tests would need to be performed in order to establish that there is a positive correlation between the individuals who consume trans-fats 10 times per week are shown to develop and require treatment for heart disease 90% of the time. Lastly, consistency may be fulfilled by showing that the same results are occurring despite applying the same testing measures on different groups of individuals during various increments. By applying the same tests on different groups, the chances of creating false-positives within the study can be significantly lowered. Numerous studies can be used to determine whether meaningful statements regarding the causal relationship between two factors can be established. By performing multiple studies on individuals’ eating habits and their health outcomes, researchers may then determine whether a relationship exists between the health challenges that they are faced with and the items that they consume.
Explanation:
Answer: 0.04metres
Explanation:
The wavelength of a wave is the distance covered by the wave after one complete cycle. It is measured in metres, and represented by the symbol λ
Recall that Velocity (V) = Frequency F x wavelength λ
V = F λ
Make λ the subject formula
λ = V / F
In this case Frequency = 0.4 kHz
Convert kilohertz to hertz by multiplying 0.4 by 1000 i.e (0.4 x 1000Hz) = 400Hz
Velocity of wave = 16 m/s
So, λ = V / F
λ = 16 m/s / 400Hz
λ = 0.04metres
Thus, the wavelength of a wave is 0.04metres
The best example that illustrates a sensitive period is
letter b, where the child tries to learn in speaking a second language because
this is considered to be a sensitive period in which is the period for a
development of new opportunities that a child could learn in which learning to
speak a second language is considered to be a sensitive period.
So, if the birthrate and the death rate are the same, that means that for every person that gets born, one person dies: so the number of people would stay constant. This means that the growth rate is actually 0%.
a) precipitation is balanced by evaporation