Answer:
Ligand-receptor interaction is the first interaction that triggers cell signalling.
Ligands are the hormones, drugs or neurotransmitters that specifically bind with receptors present in cell surface to initiate cell signalling. Ligand binding to the receptor is reversible. Binding of the ligand to the receptor can activate or inactivate receptor. Activation may lead to cell signalling pathways. Inside cells, there are secondary molecules which on activation starts a cascade of reactions. which in-turn regulate the function of the ligand molecule.
At first, the activated receptor relates with G proteins molecules in the cell.
before the ultimate physiological effect of the ligand on the cell's behavior is produced Therefore, the cellular signaling starts as soon as the first messenger (the ligand) binds to its receptor.
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Answer:
The correct answers is: I would predict that animals with longer loops of Henle would be able to concentrate their urine more than animals with shorter loops, and thus they would more likely survive in desserts and other dry areas.
Explanation:
The<em> Loop of Henle</em> is a tubule system that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in a nephron, the functional and structural unit of the kidney. Its primary job is to establish a concentration gradient in the kidney's medulla by creating a high urea concentration deep in the medulla using a countercurrent multiplier system that uses electrolyte pumps. Through this mechanism, <u><em>water is reabsorbed to concentrate the urine and impede dehydration</em></u>.
The length of the loops of Henle is of great importance for the countercurrent multiplier system - <u>the longer they are, the more concentrated the urine can get</u>. Therefore, animals with longer loops can survive better in habitats where there is not much water around.
German roaches have flat bodies with six legs, two antennae projecting from their heads, and flat bodies, just like their American cousins and other cockroach species. Contrarily, American cockroaches are typically reddish-brown in appearance and develop to a length and width of around an inch and a half.
<h3>What is Cockroach?</h3>
Cockroaches are an insect paraphyletic category that includes all Blattodea members with the exception of termites. Only about 30 of the 4,600 cockroach species have any connection to habitations by people. Some species are infamous for developing pest problems.
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The digestive system breaks down food, the respiratory system takes in oxygen, and the cardiovascular system delivers the oxygen and food to the cells.
I think it is D. You experience increase in breathing rate to obtain more oxygen which is delivered to cells through the bloodstream
