Part A: c for cost. c=0.31m+0.5
0.31m is the cost per minute. 0.5 is cost per call.
Part B: 0.31m+0.5=5.15 to solve we must rearrange.
subtract 0.5 from each side giving us 0.31m=4.85
divide by 0.31 giving us m=15.65
First plug in g(x) into f(x)
F((g(x))=2(2x+3)
And now you plug in -8
F(g(-8))=2(-16+3)
F(g(-8))=2(-13)
F(g(-8))=-26
Measuring tool or observer of force being applied to the ball