The answer would be: d. cooperation.
Social interaction can be classified into 4 groups based on the fitness outcome of the donor and recipient. Altruism is when the donor fitness decrease but the recipient fitness increase. Selfishness is when the donor fitness increase but the recipient fitness decrease. Spitefulness is when both donor and recipient fitness decreased.
Cooperation or mutualistic is both donor and recipient fitness increases.
Answer:
(a) (Glu)zo or(Phe-Met)3 at pH 7.0
O (Glu)zo ✔
O (Phe-Met)s ❌
(b) (Gly) zo or (Lys-Ala)3 at pH 7.0:
O (Gly12) ❌
O (Lys-Ala)✔
(c) (Ala-Asp-Gly)s or (Asn-Ser-His)s at pH 3.0:
O (Asn-Ser-His)s ✔
O (Ala-Asp-Gly)s ❌
(d) (Ala-Ser-Gly)s or (Asn-Ser-His)s at pH 6.0:
O(Ala-Ser-Gly)s ❌
O (Asn-Ser-Hish)s ✔
Explanation:
Polypeptides that has polar or charged side chains are more soluble than polypeptides with nonpolar side chains.
(a) At ph 7.0
(Glu)20 is negatively charged at pH 7 and more soluble
(Phe-Met)3 is observed to be less polar and less soluble
(b)At ph 7.0
(Lys-Ala)3 is positively charged (polar) and more soluble
(Gly)20 is uncharged as only the amino- and carboxyl-terminal groups are charged as its less polar and less soluble too.
(c) At pH 6.0
(Asn-Ser-His)5 has polar Asn side chains and partially protonated His side chains and it's more soluble unlike the (Ala-Asp-Gly)s at that pH.
(d) At pH 3.0
(Asn-Ser-His)s as partially protonated carboxylate groups of Asp residues and it is also neutral but the imidazole groups of His residues are fully protonated and positively charged. Hence it's more soluble than the (Ala-Ser-Gly)s at that particular pH.
<span>There are two plexuses embedded in the digestive tract. The submucous plexis, and the myenteric plexis, are the two types. The submucous plexis is located in the submucosa, and it regulates blood function. The myenteric plexis is located in the layers of the tunica muscularis, and it regulates the digestive tract motility.</span>
Fish definitely have a central nervous system!
It contains their brain, spinal cord and Medulla Oblongata (which is a connecting the brain with the spinal cord!)
Their brains even have the same parts as the human brain! For example, they also have a cerebellums
the deer would be free and would not have to worry about the wolf trying to eat it .but there would be more deer and the deer would be attacked my diffrent animals bc there is more of them
also the animals that ate wolf would die bc the food chain would be broken