Thomas Savery's steam<span> pump. The industrial use of </span>steam<span> power started with Thomas Savery in 1698. He constructed and patented in London the first </span>engine<span>, which he called the "Miner's Friend" since he intended it to pump water from mines.</span>
The right answer is the increase of agricultural output, the Ming dinasty ruled China for almost 300 years (1368-1644) and enjoyed stability and prosperity, reforming the government and making more efficient use of the land, one of the things that made this increase possible was taxes, what excludes the third option. As for the first option, Ming government persecuted to some extent Christian and Muslims communities, and for the fourth, Tokugawa was a dinastic government in Japan, not China.
The church
enlightenment ideas and the scientific revolution mostly challenged the institution of the church and the state governments. The church was purposefully wounded by the scientific revolution such that most early scientists who contradicted popular church Cosmo-notions were labelled heretics and ex-communicated from the church.
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