B.) Apache
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Answer: In federalist paper no.10, James Madison argues that political parties (or factions) were undesirable but necessary for large countries. The existence of the factions prevents any one person or group from gaining power.
Explanation: Tell me if im correct :)
The correct option is A.
The vice president of the United States of America serves as the senate president and its presiding officer. In the absence of the vice president, the most senior member of the majority party will preside over the senate meeting and designate other senators from the majority party to take the chairs.