<span>Religious beliefs have
highly influenced the political and hierarchical structures in both Ottoman and
Safavid Persia empires. Although both states were of Islamic religion, they
belonged to different branches, Sunni and Shia. These branches differ over the
choice of Muhammad's successor, which subsequently acquired broader political
significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. Sunni Muslims
believed that Muhammad didn’t clearly appoint a successor, which is why there
isn’t hereditary succession law in Ottoman Empire. This contrasts with the Shia
Muslims view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali
ibn Abi Talib to succeed him. They believed that the empire should be led by
direct successor of Muhammad’s line. Differences between these two branches
affected the politics, as Shia Muslims weren’t religiously tolerant to other
confessions and considered them for heretics, even the other branches of Islam.
This resulted in the besieged of Bagdad, which was followed by the massacre of
a large part of its Sunni Muslim inhabitants, as it was endeavored to transform
Baghdad into a purely Shiite city. The besiege of Bagdad was the event that led
to the Ottoman-Safavid war (1623–1639).</span>
I say Israel - and I hope this is taken in an utterly nonpartisan way, which takes absolutely no position vis-a-vis the legitimacy of either conservatism or the Israeli state. I just think some core aspects of Israeli government and society are in line with mainstream US conservatism: a free-market liberal democracy of course, but with formal religious-ethnic affiliation, compulsory military service with training on firearms (and licensing to possess same) for all citizens, and a generally hawkish stance on questions of military and defense. They are also highly security-oriented, some would say in a much more effective way than the US government, and its security apparatus employs profiling techniques which almost undoubtedly have a racial component (<span>and </span><span>conservatives would no doubt want to insist that these two facts are directly related). I believe that taxation rates are roughly on par with that in the US, if not a bit less... though not nearly as low as Switzerland. </span>
I don't know what are the following but, <span>he central key was that they were not communicating with the rising Merchant class and the citizenship of France. They thought authoritarianism could control the population which in turn sought "freedom" even more. So I hope that helps :)</span>
Answer:
The answer is D. They feared outsiders wanted to change their traditional practices and beliefs.
Explanation:
Just took the test
