Answer:
The took it for themselves kind of.
Explanation:
On Aug. 19, 1953, elements inside Iran organized and funded by the Central Intelligence Agency and British intelligence services carried out a coup d’état that overthrew the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh. Historians have yet to reach a consensus on why the Eisenhower administration opted to use covert action in Iran, tending to either emphasize America’s fear of communism or its desire to control oil as the most important factor influencing the decision. Using recently declassified material, this article argues that growing fears of a “collapse” in Iran motivated the decision to remove Mossadegh. American policymakers believed that Iran could not survive without an agreement that would restart the flow of oil, something Mossadegh appeared unable to secure. There was widespread scepticism of his government’s ability to manage an “oil-less” economy, as well as fears that such a situation would lead inexorably to communist rule. A collapse narrative emerged to guide U.S. thinking, one that coalesced in early 1953 and convinced policymakers to adopt regime change as the only remaining option. Oil and communism both impacted the coup decision, but so did powerful notions of Iranian incapacity and a belief that only an intervention by the United States would save the country from a looming, though vaguely defined, calamity.
Answer:
Abbeys
Cathedrals
universities
Explanation:
The gothic architecture was a style that flourished in Europe, around the late medieval age, it has dark colors and was largely used in cathedrals and churches, the Notre Dame´s cathedral is one of the greatest examples of Gothic architecture, for its seriousness and closeness to religion, many universities and abbeys have been built in that style and have kept gothic for over 6 centuries. Stained glass windows and high vaults as ceilings are the main characteristics of this architectural current.
Answer:
The Crusades were Christian military movements towards the Holy Land in order to occupy and keep it under Christian rule.
- 11th century Europe was thriving. With the end of the barbarian invasions, a period of stability and an increase in trade began. Consequently, the population has also grown. In the feudal world, only the firstborn inherited the feuds, which resulted in many men for little land. The men, with no land to make a living, plunged into crime, stealing, looting and kidnapping. Something needed to be done.
- As stated earlier, the Christian world was divided. Because they disagreed with some dogmas of the Roman Church (worship of saints, demand for indulgences, etc.), Eastern Catholics founded the Orthodox Church. Jerusalem, the Holy Land, belonged to the Arab domain and until the 11th century they allowed Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land. But at the end of the 11th century, peoples of Central Asia, the Seldjuk Turks, took Jerusalem. Converted to Islam, the Seldjúcidas were quite intolerant and prohibited the access of Christians to Jerusalem.
- In 1095, Pope Urban II called for expeditions to retake the Holy Land. The crusaders (as the dispatchers became known) received this name for carrying a large cross, the main symbol of Christianity, stamped on their clothing. In exchange for participation, they would gain the forgiveness of their sins.
- The Church was not the only one interested in the success of these expeditions: the feudal nobility was interested in the conquest of new lands; mercantilist cities like Venice and Genoa were dazzled by the possibility of expanding their business to the East and everyone was interested in oriental spices, due to their high value, such as: black pepper, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon and others. Moved by faith and ambition, between the 11th and 13th centuries, eight Crusades left for the East.
Answer:
In 1651, the British Parliament, in the first of what became known as the Navigation Acts, declared that only English ships would be allowed to bring goods into England, and that the North American colonies could only export its commodities, such as tobacco and sugar, to England.
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