Answer:
Shame motivates behavior in more ways than one. Shame can cause you to act with extreme power, or act in harsh ways, or sometimes in a more charitable way. It motivates you to use behavior that covers up an act that brought on the feeling of shame in the first place. If you are shameful, you can not run a city or country effectively, because you are not in a stable mindset if you let that shame effect your actions in negative ways. If you deal with your shame, for example: by accepting the mistake that caused you to feel shame, then learning from that mistake and knowing how to avoid making it again.
To recap, self-interest and competition are very important economic forces. Self-interest is the motivator of economic activity. Competition is the regulator of economic activity. Together they form what Adam Smith called the invisible hand, which guides resources to their most valued use.
Apartheid is specifically associated with South Africa - when there is a question mentioning this word, it's very likely that it's connected to this country. South Africa is also the correct answer here. Apartheid ended in 1994 and 1997 is the year when the new Constitution came into power.
Answer:
A. Refusing to help France in it's war with Great Britain
