Plastic is a word that originally meant “pliable and easily shaped.” It only recently became a name for a category of materials called polymers. The word polymer means “of many parts,” and polymers are made of long chains of molecules. Polymers abound in nature. Cellulose, the material that makes up the cell walls of plants, is a very common natural polymer.
Over the last century and a half humans have learned how to make synthetic polymers, sometimes using natural substances like cellulose, but more often using the plentiful carbon atoms provided by petroleum and other fossil fuels. Synthetic polymers are made up of long chains of atoms, arranged in repeating units, often much longer than those found in nature. It is the length of these chains, and the patterns in which they are arrayed, that make polymers strong, lightweight, and flexible. In other words, it’s what makes them so plastic.
These properties make synthetic polymers exceptionally useful, and since we learned how to create and manipulate them, polymers have become an essential part of our lives. Especially over the last 50 years plastics have saturated our world and changed the way that we live.
The First Synthetic Plastic
The first synthetic polymer was invented in 1869 by John Wesley Hyatt, who was inspired by a New York firm’s offer of $10,000 for anyone who could provide a substitute for ivory. The growing popularity of billiards had put a strain on the supply of natural ivory, obtained through the slaughter of wild elephants. By treating cellulose, derived from cotton fiber, with camphor, Hyatt discovered a plastic that could be crafted into a variety of shapes and made to imitate natural substances like tortoiseshell, horn, linen, and ivory.
This discovery was revolutionary. For the first time human manufacturing was not constrained by the limits of nature. Nature only supplied so much wood, metal, stone, bone, tusk, and horn. But now humans could create new materials. This development helped not only people but also the environment. Advertisements praised celluloid as the savior of the elephant and the tortoise. Plastics could protect the natural world from the destructive forces of human need.
The creation of new materials also helped free people from the social and economic constraints imposed by the scarcity of natural resources. Inexpensive celluloid made material wealth more widespread and obtainable.
Answer:
he is saying if you get arrested the people sister like him and he felt safe in the jail
Explanation:
if he is in jail he will be safe from the town people
The Act prohibits Federal military personnel from acting as law enforcement officials inside the United States without direct approval from the Constitution or Congress is the Posse Comitatus Act.
<h3>What is the objective of this Act?</h3>
The Posse Comitatus Act forbids federal troops from taking involved in civil law enforcement unless they are specifically authorized by law.
This Act reflects an American tradition that views military intervention in civil matters as a threat to the country and individual freedoms.
Although the constitution does not restrict the President from using the military to execute civil laws, Congress chose in 1878 to limit the president's ability to do so without approval from congress.
Learn more about Posse Comitatus Act, here:
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Answer:
A) The Mauryan Empire expanded over nearly the entire region of what is now modern day India. Starting with Chandragupta and ending with his grandson Ashoka, the empire was expanded over a span roughly a hundred years. This was not an easy task because of the size of the land to be conquered. The area that is now known to be modern day India, is a peninsula. The Arabian Sea borders the land on the west, the Indian ocean borders it to the south and the Bay of Bengal borders it to the east. The Himalaya Mountains separated the rest of east Asia, including China, from the Mauryan Empire. The Hindu Kush Mountains to the north west of the Mauryan Empire separated it from the rest of the Middle East. The monsoon cycle effected the Mauryan Empire as well. High rainfall often lead to reoccurring floods and in the winter, especially inland, there was a lack of rainfall and that lead to droughts. Needless to say, it was hard to sustain a surplus of agriculture throughout the year. The location was still beneficial despite this. Trade over sea to east Asia flourished. the size of the subcontinent of India lead to the development of several languages in different and separate regions of the land. This is the reason why the development of the Mauryan Empire was is so important in history. That the empire existed is a testament to the strength of the rulers at the time to unify such a vast region.
B) There isn't much of a difference in geography between the Mauryan and the Gupta empires as the Gupta Empire was the predecessor of the Mauryan. This meant that the Gupta empire inherited the land owned by the Mauryan Empire. One obvious difference between the two empires is that the Gupta Empire was smaller that the Mauryan. The Gupta Empire is located in the northern region of the subcontinent underneath the Himalayan and Hindu Kush mountains. The people of the Gupta Empire where better adapted to the Monsoon cycle by building high houses to accommodate the floods. Because of this they were able to flourish agriculturally, boasting their economy.
Explanation:
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