There were settlement houses run by sympathetic people and churches that helped house and feed the poor. Also, political bosses would help the poor get jobs and such in return for their votes.
Answer:
1) Populations are majorly increasing in areas where shifting cultivation is practiced, causing there to be less area available for use of shifting cultivation.
2) Around the world, overall, there is much less unoccupied land that is able to be used for shifting cultivation.
This is AP Human Geography, right?