Answer:
1. The citizens of Athens stayed within an overcrowded walled city.
Explanation:
The Peloponnesian War had only been fought for a couple of years when farmers and other citizens who lived outside the city of Athens flocked inside for protection from the Spartans. The city had not prepared for this type of overcrowding. There was a shortage of food and clean water. There was also a lack of cleanliness. Athens was unable to get rid of all the waste that the mass of people was creating.
Where there is human waste, there are germs and disease. Soon, an unknown plague struck the city. Within two years, one-third of Athens’ population had died, including Pericles. This disease weakened the people, diminished the population, and took the lives of some of Athens’ greatest leaders.
The Spartans were able to outlast the Athenians who were held captive within their own walls. Thus, the Spartans won the Peloponnesian War.
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