Yes, he was the president, because President Roosevelt died, and Harry Truman took his place in result of his death.
Because those that knew the trade and worked hard for the job often did not get the job unless they knew someone. And sometimes people in the spoil system did not know how do their job. It wasn't merit based. Like is someone worked their whole life to be a doctor and a high school graduate becomes a doctor because they knew a friend who could hire them.
During the golden age of the Islamic empire, many advancements were made in lots of different areas. New forms of art were created, and new ways of thinking, including the beginnings of the mathematic system of algebra, emerged as well. So it's A.
make money, heavenly and earthly rewards, protection of property, debts cancelled, relieved of punishment