Your question is incomplete because you didn't provide the essay but I'll give you some information that'll help you answer the question.
- The central idea in a text simply means the message that the author wants to pass across to the readers. You should note that the central idea is not the topic.
- The central idea in a text is usually stated in a sentence. It is the unifying element in that particular text. In this case, in order to find the central idea in each section, look at the beginning of the paragraphs or the concluding sentence that's in the paragraph. You'll likely find the central ideas about the text there.
In conclusion, note the central idea is the main idea in the text.
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Answer: Thomas Malthus, who studied population growth.
Thomas Malthus was an English scholar. He is particularly well-known because of his studies on population growth. He realized that, when food production in a nation improved, population tended to go up. However, this change did not last long, as population growth restored the original per capita production level. Therefore, instead of using surplus for improving standards of living, humans tend to use it to increase population. These conclusions were carefully studied by Darwin, and they helped him develop his own theories on natural selection.
The result of Mead’s fieldwork was a tremendously successful book, Coming of Age in Samoa.
<span>D. Both focus on the idea that one person is trying to create or shape another.</span>