Answer:
By transfecting small activating RNAs
Explanation:
Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are an emerging class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are capable of activating gene expression at transcriptional level. The saRNAs are small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that bind to promoter sequences in order to activate the expression of target genes. These molecules are structurally similar to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), i.e., they also have a size of 21 nucleotides and two overhang nucleotides at the 3' end of both strands.
B.
Some processes that shape the Earth are happening so slowly they cannot be easily detected in a human's lifetime.
Explanation:
An example of such a very slow process that shapes the earth is the tectonic plate movement. Tectonic plates movement happens at a rate of about 1 – 2 inched per year. This movement is very slow to be easily perceptible by humans unless the use of technology is utilized. The tectonic plate movement is responsible for formation of geographical features like fold mountains.
Other processes that shape the earth are winds, weathering, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, solar energy, water, and etcetera.
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