The two major systems involved in the stress response are the Nervous System [the Sympathetic subdivision of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)] and the Endocrine System (glands which secrete hormones intonthe bloodstream).
The Endocrine System's response during acute and/or chronic stress (adaptation) involves first the Hypothalamic release of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH), which stimulates the Anterior Pituitary (via the blood) to release AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone (ACTH), which then activates the Adrenal Cortex to release glucocorticoid hormones (i.e. Cortisol), amongst others into the bloodstream. Cortisol then has many effects on tissues and organs throughout the body to allow better generalized coping with the initial stress stimulus.
Answer:
Proteins
Explanation:
Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids that perform multiple and varied functions in the body. Proteins that act as chemical messengers are present in the form of hormones, ligands, neurotransmitters, regulatory proteins and enzymes.
Genes code for proteins that in turn control all life processes. The differences we witness in individuals such as weight, height, skin color, intelligence etc are all due to our unique genetic code and a unique combination of proteins that these genes encode. Furthermore, the levels to which our genetic code is expressed is also regulated at the molecular level by proteins.
Answer:
The process that Mildred used is known as Radiocarbon dating
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question is given below:
Mildred collects a sample of fossilized plant material. She takes it back to her lab to run some tests on it. Mildred is able to measure the amount of carbon-14 in her sample and compare this to the amount of carbon-12 in it. She uses this information to calculate that the fossil is 4,500 year old. The process that Mildred used is known as _______
Radiocarbon dating
Faulting
Indexing
Superposition
Explanation:
Radiocarbon dating is a process of determining the age estimates of various objects and materials using the radioactive properties of an isotope of carbon, carbon-14.
Radiocarbon dating uses the ratio of two isotopes of carbon, carbon-12 and carbon-14 present in materials which contains carbon to determine their age.
There is a fairly constant ratio of carbon-12 and carbon-14 in living organisms. However, at death, due to the decay of carbon-14 to carbon-12, the ratio begins to change. Since the rate of decay of carbon-14 is fairly constant, a property known as half-life, the time it has taken for carbon-14 to decay to carbon-12 can be calculated. This calculated time will givee the age of the fossilised material.