If one individual behaves in a socially inappropriate manner, he or she is considered deviant, but if several individuals behave this way, it is referred to as a collective action. The problem that is made would be called a collective action problem wherein a group of people tries to behave in a discouraging manner in order to achieve a common goal. But the term collective action id not only limited to inappropriate behaviors. It would be a group activity where they aim to achieve the same goals. Examples are joining social protests, participating in national defense, advocating for the preservation of the environment and strikes.<span />
A personality assessment in which a person responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing unconscious feelings, impulses, and desires is called Projective tests.
An alternative method of assessing personality is through projective testing. One of the defence mechanisms Freud recommended for this type of inquiry is projection, which is used to assess unconscious processes. This type of testing involves presenting a set of ambiguous cards to the test subject, who is then asked to project his feelings, impulses, and desires onto the cards by constructing a story, interpreting an image, or completing a sentence.
It is possible to tell whether someone is prone to become agitated, have unusual ideas, or have a high level of anxiety by using a number of projective tests that have undergone standardisation processes.
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Other things held constant, if the expected inflation rate DECREASES, and investors also become MORE risk averse, the Security Market Line would shift in<u> have a steeper slope </u>manner.
<h3>What is the Security Market Line (SML)?</h3>
The security market line (SML) is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It gives the market’s expected return at different levels of systematic or market risk. It is also called the ‘characteristic line’ where the x-axis represents the asset’s beta or risk, and the y-axis represents the expected return.
<u>Security Market Line Equation</u>
The Equation is as follows:
SML: E(Ri) = Rf + βi [E(RM) – Rf]
In the above security market line formula:
- E(Ri) is the expected return on the security.
- Rf is the risk-free rate and represents the y-intercept of the SML.
- βi is a non-diversifiable or systematic risk. It is the most crucial factor in SML. We will discuss this in detail in this article.
- E(RM) is expected to return on market portfolio M.
- E(RM) – Rf is known as Market Risk Premium.
<u>Characteristics of the Security Market Line (SML) are as below:</u>
- SML is a good representation of investment opportunity cost, which combines the risk-free asset and the market portfolio.
- Zero-beta security or zero-beta portfolio has an expected return on the portfolio, which is equal to the risk-free rate.
- The slope of the Security Market Line is determined by the market risk premium, which is: (E(RM) – Rf). Higher the market risk premium steeper the slope and vice-versa
- All the assets which are correctly priced are represented on SML.
- The assets above the SML are undervalued as they give a higher expected return for a given amount of risk.
- The assets below the SML are overvalued as they have lower expected returns for the same amount of risk.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is A.
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Answer – A ball game
In Chapter 10 of the 1937 novel, Their
Eyes Were Watching God which was authored by Zora Neale Hurston, an
African-American writer, we find that most of the town went to a baseball game,
leaving Janie alone at the store. Because of this, Janie decided to close up
the store early but before she could, a tall stranger came to the store to buy
cigarettes from her and then starts making flirtatious small talk with her,
making her laugh with his jokes.
For the answer to the questions above asking why t<span>he ethnic divisions among the eastern European states are blurred for what reasons? The answer is that it is </span><span>Hard to distinguish among groups of ethnicities. I hope this helps</span>
