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Answer:
Explanation:
Externality is a microeconomic concept that aims to explain the positive or negative impact that an economic activity has on third parties. If by exercising an economic activity, a company indirectly benefits society or community, the externality is positive. If economic activity negatively impacts the surrounding community, externality is said to be negative. For example, the pollution that an industry emits in the production process has deleterious effects throughout society, being a negative externality.
Pollution as a negative externality can be classified within the scope of common resource problems. A common resource is a resource to which everyone has access without control. For example, atmospheric air is a common resource for all. When an agent pollutes this resource, it causes a negative externality, leaving everyone worse off than before the pollution.
Answer:
Subduction of Pacific plate under North American plate
Explanation:
There has been constant collision between the two plates, namely the Pacific plate and the Central American plate. As a result of which the <u>Pacific plate has got subducted</u> and <u>rate of subduction is very intense and fast</u> here because this lies in the region, commonly known as the "ring of fire".
Due to this subduction, the plates at great depth undergoes dehydration and partial melting occurs, that allows the magma to rise up to the surface forming volcanoes on the central America. There exist a huge number of volcanoes that includes cinder cone, composite as well as shield volcanoes.
Answer:
Leaching removes nutrients from the soil. The nutrient cycle is slower than in the tropical rainforest as temperatures are not as high, so decomposition is slower, and there is less rainfall.