Answer:
1. What influenced the formation of many different African civilizations? How did geography influence the development of African civilization?
a. African civilizations were influenced by trade, with Arabs, Europeans and India. Geography tended to isolate South and Central African civilizations from foreign influence.
2. Name the three kingdoms of the Niger River Valley. Describe the rulers, the economy, and the societies of each kingdom.
a. The Ghana, Mali, and Songhai civilization existed consecutively with some overlap. At first trade was infrequent because of the desert until the use of camels. Ghana’s rulers grew rich by taxing the trade of gold and salt. Ghana’s kings acted as a religious leader, chief judge, and military commander. The kingdom of Mali was also based on gold. The Songhai broke from Mali and controlled the trade routes
3. Identify and describe two contributions to civilization made by each of the primary South, Meso, and North American civilizations.
a. The Maya civilization developed the the position-value number system with zero and an accurate calendar. They also developed rubber and the corbelled arch.
Answer: We dont have your study notes...
Explanation:
The first immigrants came to America looking for gold and for a new passage to the West Indies. The natives were seen as problem and were dealt with very harshly by the first immigrants, the Spaniards.
The Quartering Acts were two British Laws, passed by the Parliament of Great Britain 1765 and 1774, that were designed to force local colonial governments to provide provisions and housing to British soldiers stationed in the 13 Colonies of America.
The conditions in the South during Reconstruction
Even though Southern states rejoined the Union and agreed to the 13th amendment (which outlawed the institution of slavery), the South looked very similar to what it did before the Civil War started. Even though African Americans were technically free, many of them still worked on plantations. There work on plantations was under the system known as sharecropping. Sharecropping is a system in which a person leases land from a farm owners. In return, the worker promises to give land owners a share of their crop. This system resulted in strict labor contracts. Ultimately, this system would tie African Americans to plantations as plantation owners used loopholes within the contract to keep their tenants from finding other opportunities.
Along with this, African Americans were still treated horribly in the South. The development of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist organization, resulted in the beating and killing of thousands of African American citizens. This group was created in order to strike fear in the hearts of African American citizens and to prevent them from using their newly gained rights (like the right for men to vote).
Lastly, the South would continue to treat African Americans as inferior by the implementation of black codes and Jim Crow laws. These laws allowed for the development of segregated public and private facilities.
