According to the Wikipedia, Saladin "was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty." He was a Sunni Muslim, "who led his military against the Crusader states in the Levant."
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D. Chinese government officials were selected based on their abilities rather than their family history.
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The middle class that emerged consisted of a group of people that included managers, salesmen, engineers, doctors, accountants and other salaried professionals who worked for a living but were better educated than the poor working-class.
The children of those middle-class people did not have to find work to support their families and this created opportunities for education and advancement. This pushed the government to support the growth of higher education. All of this made the middle class remain the solid class until today because people were educating themselves, it also made possible for many people to rise socially, because there were many opportunities available for middle-class children.
