In the <em>Lochner v. New York</em> case of 1905, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not <u>impose limits on the number of hours that employees could work.</u>
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A law passed in 1895 in the state of New York mandated that bakery employees could not work more than 10 hours a day and not more than 60 hours in a week. A bakery owner named Joseph Lochner filed suit against the state, claiming the law was unconstitutional. At the time, the Supreme Court decision was based on the idea that such laws violated an employee's "freedom of contract." The majority of justices saw such a right implicit in the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, thinking that if employees agreed to work a heavy number of hours it was their right to do so.
In the time since the Lochner case, the Supreme Court has gone in the other direction, allowing laws that impose reasonable restrictions on businesses. An example would be <em>West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish </em>(1937), which upheld the constitutionality of a minimum wage law passed in Washington state.
Answer: you kinda cute wuts that snap
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After the Soviet Union lost twenty million soldiers in WW2, Stalin wanted to make buffer zones around friendly states so they would never be invaded again.
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French settlers in North America learned the customs of the Indians during the Age of Exploration.
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Labor is an indispensable source of economic production, and all other things being equal, more labor contributes to more economic production. During the second industrial revolution factories took full advantage of human labor but set aside workers rights. Following the technological revolutions of the early industrial age, large factories engaged in mass production, supplemented workshops and small foundries. The manufacturing sector expanded from 2.4 to 10 million workers and manufacturing employment grew more than twice as fast as the workforce as a whole from the years 1880 to 1920.
This era of industrial growth transformed American society creating a new class of wealthy entrepreneurs and a comfortable middle class. The increase in industry resulted in a growth among the blue-collar working class. This labor force was made up of millions of newly arrived immigrants and vast numbers of families migrating from rural areas to cities with the hope of job security and prosperity.
