Answer:
Uniting Mongol tribes:
Going against custom, Temujin put competent allies rather than relatives in key positions and executed the leaders of enemy tribes while incorporating the remaining members into his clan.
Spy networks:
Möngke’s death led to civil war (or Toluid Civil War) between his two younger brothers; ultimately, Kublai Khan emerged victorious and renamed the empire as the Yuan Dynasty in 1271.
Kublai also renamed himself Emperor of China in order to win over millions of Chinese subjects.
Ultimately, under Kublai Khan, the Mongols were the first non-Chinese people to conquer all of China. However, their conquests of Japan and Java failed.
At the time of Kublai’s death, the Mongol Empire fractured into four separate empires; this made it easy for the Han Chinese to overthrow them in 1368 and establish the Ming Dynasty.
Surprise attacks:
Territories and cities were ruled over by princely dynasties, which often meant these regions were fragmented politically.) The main force arrived at Ryazan in December 1237. Ryazan refused to surrender, and the Mongols sacked it and then stormed through other Russian cities, including Vladimir Suzdal in the north, and Pereyaslav and Chernihiv in the south. Other major Russian cities—such as Torzhok, and Kozelsk—were captured between 1238 and 1240. Some cities, such as Novgorod in the north, were not attacked due to the dense march and forest land surrounding it. However, the princes ruling Novgorod acted as tax collectors for the Mongol Empire in the coming decades.
Quick communication:
Forbade extravagant spending and limited gifts to the princes. Made merchants subject to taxes. Prohibited the demanding of goods and services from civilian populations by merchants. Punished the unauthorized plundering of civilians by generals and princes (including his own son).
Extreme violence:
Limiting the overissue of currency, which had been a problem since Ögedei’s reign.
Standardizing a system of measurement based on the silver ingot.
Paying out all debts drawn by high-rank Mongol elites to important foreign and local merchants.
Explanation:
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