Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
What is unmeasured cofounding?
- By definition, an unmeasured confounder is a variable that is connected to both the exposed and the result and could explain the apparent observed link.
- The validity of interpretation in observational studies is threatened by unmeasured confounding. The use of negative control group to reduce unmeasured confounding has grown in acceptance and popularity in recent years.
Although they've been utilised mostly for bias detection, negative controls have a long history in laboratory sciences and epidemiology of ruling out non-causal causes. A pair of negative control exposure and outcome variables can be utilised to non-parametrically determine the average treatment effect (ATE) from observational data that is vulnerable to uncontrolled confounding, according to a recent study by Miao and colleagues.
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
Learn more about unmeasured confounding here:
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Answer:
Option C, both functions have an y-intersect equal to 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
When we have a function f(x), the y-intercept is the value f(0). This is the point where the graph of the function intersects the y-axis.
Then, for f(x) = -x^2 + 5*x + 2
The y-intercept is:
f(0) = -0^2 + 5*0 + 2 = 2
f(0) = 2
And for g(x) we do not have the equation, but we have the graph, so we can just look at which value of y does the graph intersects the y-axis.
We can see that the graph intersects the graph at y = 2
Then the y-intersect is: g(0) = 2
So both functions have the same y-intersect. Then the correct option is C.
Answer:
z/8
Step-by-step explanation:
cuz it says z and 8 in that order so z/8 please dont just ignore give me 5 star and thanks dont ignore if u do i will never help you
Answer:
is number 2
Step-by-step explanation:
