To my mind the answer is Karma. according to those who believe in karma, this has implications beyond this life. Bad actions in a previous life can follow a person into their next life and cause bad effects. In other words, our past actions affect us, either positively or negatively, and our present actions will affect us in the future alike.
Buddhism is the religion which strongly believe in this force created by a person's actions called karma.
b heaven cause it's the only thing that brings people hack
A push factor is best defined as factors that makes you leave your country.
The Portuguese have a unique maritime history. Due to their location and size. Almost every major city during that period was located on the coast allowing countless locations to build ships and perfect their technology.
Language? Speaking is also another way to say this. I don't know the choices.