The California Gold Rush of 1849-1855 radically transformed California, the United States and the world. ... The significant increase in population and infrastructure allowed California to qualify for statehood in 1850, only a few years after it was ceded by Mexico, and facilitated U.S. expansion to the American West.
Harriet Tubman helped many slaves escape on the underground railroad, and is one of the most famous abolotionists.
Answer: The Catholic Church condemned Luther and his followers, and responded with its own Counter-Reformation.
Explanation/detail:
The leadership in Rome issued condemnations of Luther's teachings and placed the territories following him under the "interdict," meaning a prohibition of priests administering sacraments among them. But priests and people both followed along with Luther and the Lutheran Church was established in Germany.
The Roman Catholic Church also responded to the Protestant Reformation in a number of ways intended to strengthen its own stance and its hold on church power. This movement by the Catholic Church is known as the Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation. It included a number of features, such as:
- The formation of religious orders that aimed to build allegiance to Rome and the papacy, and to educate people in Catholic teaching. The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits for short, was a key order of this sort. The order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534, along with Francis Xavier and several others. Pope Paul III gave his full approval to the Jesuit order in 1540.
- The Council of Trent served to reform some abuses that were acknowledged by the Catholic Church, but mostly to assert the full authority of Roman power and doctrine over the Protestant threat. The Council of Trent held meetings over a span of years from 1545 to 1563. The Council also commissioned the publication of a catechism to properly educate Catholic clergy in the church's teachings.
- The Roman Inquisition was founded in 1542 by Pope Paul III to act as an investigative body in regard to threats to Rome's teachings. About a century later, Galileo would be one of the most famous persons tried by the Roman Inquisition.
<span>The percentage of death amounted to 75 percent, as compared with andersonville and Elmira prisons of 33 percent in our civil war. The death rate of french and British prisoners of a war in a German prison camps was not more than 15 percent, and actually less for american prisoners.</span>
