There have always been conflicts between individual rights and national security interests in democracies. Limits on civil liberties during wartime, including restrictions on free speech, public assembly, and mass detentions, have been the most serious threats to individual freedom. Even in peacetime, counter-terrorist measures including profiling, detention, and exclusion, along with the use of national identification cards, have raised concerns about racism, constitutional violations, and the loss of privacy. With the passage of new anti-terrorist laws after September 11, 2001, these tensions have increased. Supporters of broader governmental powers insist that they are part of the increased security measures necessary to safeguard national security. In contrast, many civil rights groups fear that the infringement upon individual rights is another step in the erosion of democratic civil society.
Wartime measures. The severest restrictions on civil liberties have occurred in times of war. In September 1862, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) suspended the right of habeas corpus in order to allow federal authorities to arrest and detain suspected Confederate sympathizers without arrest warrants or speedy trials. Well aware of the drastic nature of such a step, Lincoln justified it as a necessary wartime measure. After the United States Supreme Court found Lincoln's abrogation of habeas corpus an unconstitutional intrusion on Congressional authority, Congress itself ratified the measure by passing the Habeas Corpus Act in September 1863. Through 1864, about 14,000 people were arrested under the act; about one in seven were detained at length in federal prisons, most on allegations of offering aid to the Confederacy but others on corruption and fraud charges.
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Because it left people in lower castes feeling hopeless.<span> Buddhism allowed all peoples to be equal in religious terms.</span>
The name of the general that led the Nazi forces in the Battle of El Alamein was: General Rommel. He was one of the most popular generals during World War II. Rommel ended up killing himself upon his plot to try and dethrone Hitler.
The Warring State Period was an era of chaos in ancient history of China. This era is full of warfare. There were bureaucratic and military reforms too. This era is dated as 475 BC to 221 BC. It is also known as era of division. There was a period of peaceful and philosophical Spring and Autumn. then almost all the states were indulged in wars. Then Qin laid the foundation of Qin Dynasty by conquering all the states. Under the Qin Dynasty, China reunited again.
