The Gulf of Tonkin incident (Vietnamese: Sự kiện Vịnh Bắc Bộ), also known as the USS Maddox incident, was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War. It involved both a proven confrontation on August 2, 1964 and a claim of a second confrontation on August 4, 1964 between ships of North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin. The original American report blamed North Vietnam for both incidents, but the Pentagon Papers, the memoirs of Robert McNamara, and NSA publications from 2005 suggest that the dismissal of legitimate concerns regarding the truthfulness of the second incident by the Department of State and other government personnel was used to justify an escalation by the US to a state of war against North Vietnam.
The estate meeting was called as France economy was breeding and failing miserably as a result of several wars in the past decades. The effect of the falling economy led to the French revolution that followed under Napoleon.
