Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:
For many of these identities, it is helpful to convert everything to sine and cosine, see what cancels, and then work to build out to something. If you have options that you're building toward, aim toward one of them.
and 
Recall the following reciprocal identity:

So, the original expression can be written in terms of only sines and cosines:





Working toward one of the answers provided, this is the tangent function.
The one caveat is that the original expression also was undefined for values of beta that caused the sine function to be zero, whereas this simplified function is only undefined for values of beta where the cosine is equal to zero. However, the questions states that we are only considering values for which the original expression is defined, so, excluding those values of beta, the original expression is equivalent to
.
When you solve a proportion, your first step should be to cross-multiply.

=

When you cross-multiply, you should get this equation:
(2x)(3) = (x + 3)(5)
Now, solve it using algebra.
(2x)(3) = (x + 3)(5) Multiply
6x = 5x + 15 Subtract 5x from both sides
x = 15
The value of
x is 15.
The 9-sided polygon will have a central angle between the vertex and the center of one side of 360°/(2*9) = 20°. Then the apothem is
a = (6 in/2)*cot(20°) ≈ 8.242432 in
The perimeter is 9*6 in = 54 in, so the area is
A = (1/2)Pa = (1/2)*(54 in)*(8.242432 in) ≈ 222.5 in²
P(A) = 0.993 is the probability of event A
_
P(A) is the probability of not A (note that I am trying to place a bar over A. I hope you can see it, else it is because the editor did not show it as I intended)
Then, use the fact that the probability of A plus the probability not A is equal to 1:
_
=> P(A) + P(A) = 1
_
=> P(A) = 1 - P(A) = 1 - 0.993 = 0.007
So, the answers are:
_
1) P(A) = 0.07
_
2) Yes, A is unlikely because its probability is very low.