The correct answer is: "People in the community fear becoming similarly shamed."
Indeed, Hester Prynne has been convicted of adultery because of giving birth to a child out of wedlock. This is not only considered a sin by the very religious and Puritan society of her time but a crime under their theocratic laws. Her Scarlett letter is a form of public shaming that completely ostracizes her from her society and most people scorn her for her sin.
Because they were the lowest class and didn't have a fair vote
The correct answer b) social contract.
the other answers are wrong, for example: the divine right of king would mean that the king has a right to rule and does need an agreement from the people and natural rights are rights that all people have but the agreement, is not a right, but an agreement, or in other words: contract.