The answer is the first one.
In "Writers often disavow the notion of a 'literary duty'" the author conveys a somewhat condescending attitude, as if they would always follow this and set aside anyone who said otherwise. This attitude says the author is looking down on them, and that the author believes that many authors do not meet their standards.
Another answer I would consider is "...writers ruined by their shrill commitments." However, there is no context or clear tone. The author could be mournful of the lost potential for all we know.
Answer:
Plastic bags negatively affect the environment
Explanation:
Plastic bags shouldn't be floating in the air and animals that ingest plastic cause intenstinal damage or can't properly digest it. As well as the guy in the cartoon just looks ticked off.
Illustrations must have all of the following except an explanation of the illustration.
Answer:
They can influence said children into doing good things, and being decent human beings.
If this is for an essay, maybe give examples of athletes helping people out, and being kind
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