After the death of Timur in 1405, power began to shift from migrating peoples to sedentary populations living in large centralized empires. After about 1683, when the last Ottoman campaign against Vienna failed, the great empires for which this period is so famous began to shrink and weaken
<span>Duverger's Law notes that two-party systems will tend to form when the voting style is a winner-take-all majority system. When there is a proportional representation system in place (such as in many parliaments), there will tend to be multi-party representation. Third-party candidates tend to be shut out in plurality/majority single-member electoral districts.</span>
